Live Imaging of HIV-1 Transfer across T Cell Virological Synapse to Epithelial Cells that Promotes Stromal Macrophage Infection

Live Imaging of HIV-1 Transfer across T Cell Virological Synapse to Epithelial Cells that Promotes Stromal Macrophage Infection

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Summary: During sexual intercourse, HIV-1 crosses epithelial barriers composing the genital mucosa, a poorly understood feature that requires an HIV-1-infected cell vectoring efficient mucosal HIV-1 entry.Therefore, urethral mucosa comprising a polarized epithelium and a stroma composed of fibroblasts and macrophages were reconstructed in vitro.Using this system, Associations of time spent on different types of digital media with self-rated general and mental health in Swedish adolescents we demonstrate by live imaging that efficient HIV-1 transmission to stromal macrophages depends on cell-mediated transfer of the virus through virological synapses formed between HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells and the epithelial cell mucosal surface.We visualized HIV-1 translocation through mucosal epithelial cells via transcytosis in regions where virological synapses occurred.

In turn, interleukin-13 is secreted and HIV-1 targets macrophages, which develop a latent state of infection reversed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation.The live observation of virological synapse formation reported herein Treatment of Chronic Gastritis with Traditional Chinese Medicine: Pharmacological Activities and Mechanisms is key in the design of vaccines and antiretroviral therapies aimed at blocking HIV-1 access to cellular reservoirs in genital mucosa.: Real et al.established by live imaging the dynamics of virological synapses formed between HIV-1-infected T cells and the epithelium at the surface of a human reconstructed mucosa.

HIV-1 virions formed at the viral synapse cross the epithelium and reach the mucosal stroma, where the virus establishes a latent infection in macrophages.Keywords: HIV-1, mucosa, virological synapses, epithelial cells, tissue macrophage.